Friday, January 13, 2023

40k assault cannon

40k assault cannon

40k Assault Cannon - This is the first of a new series of posts for this blog, where I recall, perhaps hint at, some of the old aspects of the hobby and games (especially Warhammer 40,000) that I miss or simply love. I remember coming out

The idea to do this came to mind after reading a half-baked nostalgia article on another site. It featured cute graphics, which were nice, but the articles didn't feel like they were written from the POV of someone who played the game at the time. Articles never start with "Golly, I've got a 25-year-old White Dwarf and I have to show you - it's neat!" Here I will try to put it right.

40k Assault Cannon

40k Assault Cannon

First up: Cannon Attack. It was one of the heavy hitting weapons that was completely discontinued for the third edition of the game and was never brought back to the level of power it once enjoyed. When it first appeared in the early 40k, its availability was exclusive to the Terminator Armored Space Marines Wargear list. Its origin states that its ROF (rate of fire) was so great that the gun barrel often had to be discarded after combat due to heat damage. The assault rifles can fire "hundreds of projectiles per second", causing the barrels to reach 300°F, heating them up until they have to be discarded and replaced.

Carcharodon Venerable Dreadnought With Assault Cannon.

Next it is important to discuss the basic rules of fire in the Warhammer 40,000 game. It had the power to destroy completely. Especially in the hands of people with advanced ballistic skills. The potential for serious injury was high, even when used by moderate or average BS users. All you had to do was get hit and hurt. It doesn't matter if the target made its saving throw or not, you can roll it back! It was clear and final until reaching the goal. You were limited only to the number of goals scored within the 4" bubble of the previous shot. As you can see how those words are used in this rule, it was assumed at that time that the word "natural" only applied to the second shot. , and that for each shot following the bubble of 4" wide. You're not blocked by the same units, so a crowded army can be reduced to hamburger until the attacking player rolls a 1.

Hamburger is what you are when the attack cannon is aimed at you! The bosses then all had BS5, and also had +1 on their death rolls within 12". Most things couldn't even hold up against Str 8, and more often than not, he would be hitting his enemies on 2+ Were. wounding. It Rarely would an enemy save against this gun because it had a -3 modifier. Oh, and your model will take D10 wounds if you don't save. Bad.

However, you can't have that kind of firepower without restrictions, even in the unethical days of rogue trader 40k (unless you're playing Eldar, that caution has always been played). Thus the jam rules were born. Wisdom was eventually introduced in the War Guide, which was basically version 1.5 of Warhammer 40K. It was well written with a clean and concise interpretation of the law as well as the introduction of several new laws. One thing that has changed is the rules for Follow Fire, which is now called Sustained Fire, where if you roll a 1 to hit after the first shot with a Sustained Fire weapon, you hit the weapon! You don't need to do anything other than try to clear your next jam round.

The Assault Manual specifically stated in the Battle Manual that if you rolled a 1 to hit after your second hit or so, not only did you not move, but if you rolled a 6 you risk being blown up and killed instantly. for d6!

Dreadnought With Assault Cannon

Warhammer 40,000 Second Edition was released in the summer of 1993. It was a real step forward for the game in how clean its presentation was. This was a real game changer and you can see from the weapon profile that the biggest change was the introduction of Continuous Fire Dice. The Assault Cannon got 3 of these with the ability to fire 9 shots, but also the ability to do amazing things. Most players today will tell you they spent more time clearing those pesky jambs than hitting anything! You can still blast 3 jam rolls at once. This was easier to do than the list of hazards required in the previous battle manual.

One more note about the two books called War Guide. Not only did they have the same cover image, but the layout was identical to each other and in some cases they used the same art! This is why you see one knee of the eliminator in both pictures above.

Some people cheered when 3rd edition removed the Continuous Fire dice and just added a number to the Weapon Type. The Assault Cannon became the heavy weapon of the 3ST6. This means that it is now limited to only three shots and if you roll three 1's for these three shots, the Assault Cannon will be destroyed. Also its fearsome armor piercing ability was reduced to AP 4, meaning that basic Marines now handled these things as if they were las guns. This 32" range was now 24", reducing his threat as well. The Assault Cannon was now a shadow of its former self...

40k Assault Cannon

In all versions, and let's face it, versions 4-7 have all been a series of modifications made in version 3, the Assault Cannon remains a semi-weapon aside. Even though the jam rules are gone, and the weapon type is now changed to Heavy 4, giving it, I still have a hard time imagining "hundreds of shells per second" artillery. The Discharge special rule is nice, as it adds a small amount of knockback to this weapon, but only slightly.

Tacticals Mark Ii Assault Cannon (8mm)

Where Assault Tanks shine now is when you see them mounted on vehicles, especially twin-engined pairs like the Child Predator or Land Raider Crusader. I started thinking about them recently after reading the Deathwatch Codex and realizing I could put together an entire Terminator squad, and thought "Wow, this unit could be in a 2nd edition game." Think!"

Most of the space marines have had all the newer and more dangerous weapons introduced over time which makes me wonder why the game designers at GW don't just revisit these old weapons to create levels and icons that have connected players to Warhammer for decades. 40,000 worlds. Obviously you can tell that I still mourn the loss of the power of this weapon. If it were me, I would double the current number of shots to 8. Although I could be happy with 6. Regardless, this weapon needs to get its fear back.

All images in the post are copyright Games Workshop and are used here for review purposes and are not a challenge to their individual copyrights.

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40k assault intercessors

40k assault intercessors

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40k Assault Intercessors

40k Assault Intercessors

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Blood Angels Assault Intercessor

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40k Assault Intercessors

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Mcfarlane Toys: Raven Guard Assault Intercessor Veteran Sergeant Action Figure

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40k Assault Intercessors

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Wip Assault Intercessors

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airplane director

airplane director

Airplane Director - Ever since Greg Campbell took his first flight on Flight 91 when he was 9 years old, his family has traveled from Virginia to Florida for Disney World vacations. Young Campbell spent most of his time at the amusement park wanting to get home. When he was 15, his father took him to the local airport, Eagle's Nest in Waynesboro, Washington, where he boarded a small plane. This was the moment when Campbell's interest in aviation really took off.

College was a natural choice for Staunton Campbell, who died. The college provided him with the high-quality education and proximity to flight training he was looking for. He said the supportive atmosphere helped him balance his education with his dream career in aviation, earning a commercial pilot degree while studying. Campbell's interest in government and history led him to major in political science, which helped him later work with government agencies in the aviation industry.

Airplane Director

Airplane Director

Campbell served as executive director of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Airport for more than 30 years, overseeing everything from operations, finance, budgeting and business development to public safety. Under his leadership, the airport changed air services to jet flights to major hubs, underwent a significant renovation of the passenger terminal, runway renovation and a new Aviation Technology Park. Campbell noted that projects like the technology park will bring new technology and mechanical jobs to the local economy.

File:us Navy 060622 N 8604l 034 An Aircraft Director Instructs The Pilot Of An F A

Earlier this year, Governor Glenn Youngin appointed Campbell director of the Virginia Department of Aviation, allowing him to play a larger role in the aviation industry. As head of the National Aviation Administration, Campbell oversees 66 public airports and supports the needs of airports and citizens as part of the $22.9 billion USD share of the aviation industry.

He is responsible for the leadership and operation of the National Transport Authority, which can help the Commonwealth support local airport operators and ensure citizens have access to first-class aviation. The airline industry currently has a shortage of pilots and maintenance personnel, and Campbell anticipates that this gap will close over time, especially as airlines implement their own training programs.

"This is an exciting and dynamic time in the aviation industry," said Campbell. "I am most excited about the opportunity to use my years of aviation experience to lead the department and help improve our Commonwealth airport system."

In addition to being a business leader, Campbell is committed to volunteering in her community. He is past president of the Greater Augusta Area Chamber of Commerce, past president of the Shenandoah Valley Partnership, past president of the Virginia Airport Operators Council, and most recently served as a member of the Virginia Regional Board. in 1996 he was named "Airport Manager of the Year" in 2012. - "Airline employee of the year", and in 2013 - James Madison University Public Service Award.

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"Looking back, choosing a college was one of the most important decisions of my life," Campbell said. "My education has helped me achieve incredible career opportunities." The company needs a strong flight department manager who can adapt to the company's business needs and bridge the gap between the hangar and headquarters.

An article published in Business Aviation Insider in May and June, "Bridging the Gap Between the Hangar and Headquarters," examined the gap between many flight units and their corporate headquarters. The second story in a four-part series on the topic offers advice on how an airline executive with the right business and communication skills can build a strong partnership between the flight department and corporate headquarters.

In today's evolving business environment, what are the key qualities a strong aviation manager or flight department manager must possess?

Airplane Director

Mike Nichols, vice president of operational excellence and professional development, said, “Aviation departments need to change the way they think about the necessary skills needed to be an effective air traffic controller. "Historically, the flight director was the most senior pilot. "In the future, companies expect their flight departments to be managed by skilled managers and asset managers.

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Steve Brechter, senior consultant at Gray Stone Advisors-Knoxville, TN, a consulting firm that helps airline managers align flight operations with company expectations, says a good aviation manager has four key qualities:

Effective flight unit managers require a wider range of skills to maneuver in today's business environment than ever before. Aviation managers must be good at business and financial management as well as organization.

These executives must be able to present compelling business cases to the flight department and communicate clearly with executives who are not aviation experts.

Brechter emphasized the importance of communication skills, noting that flight unit managers must be able to present flight unit problems to the management team from a technical aviation perspective. Ideally, airline managers should first get the attention of the executive team by communicating possible solutions to the problem rather than the context of the problem. You only have a short window of time to capture the manager's attention, so communicate with corporate headquarters concisely and focus on clarity, not volume. This type of communication is a skill that aspiring or existing airline managers can develop with practice.

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"The language of aviation should come second to the language of business," says Brechter. "An effective aviation executive should be as comfortable in the lobby of corporate headquarters as he is on the cable car."

Managers are increasingly focusing on data-driven decision-making, so flight department managers need to develop relevant metrics and explain them to the executive team.

Dustin Cordier, regional sales manager for Embraer Executive Aircraft, found significant differences in how individuals of different generations view competition. In his experience, Gen Xers (generally defined as those born between the early 1960s and early 1980s) are more likely to make decisions than baby boomers (generally defined as those born after 1946). 1964) relies more on past experience and "gut feeling".

Airplane Director

More Gen Xers in the executive ranks means more data-driven management and strategic models. This strategy encourages managers to consider other options for their flight needs, such as managing or contracting with companies. A skilled aviation director can help a business maintain or expand its in-house flight department, Cordier said, especially if that director is relevant to the organization's needs.

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In addition to articulating the value of the domestic flight department, the Chief Aviation Officer, who leads the parent company, also makes sound recommendations regarding aircraft replacement, fleet efficiency and strategic business development needs. . This internal connection to headquarters helps demonstrate the benefits of using an outsourced management company or contracting with the company's flight department.

"Aviation leaders ask themselves, 'Am I aligning myself with the short-term and long-term needs of the organization?'" says Cordier. should be asked. “Proofing that you are an internal partner with a corporate headquarters can help you resolve outsourcing issues.

Nichols cautions that being business savvy, having excellent communication skills, being an active asset manager and communicating the needs of the organization are just some of the qualifications to be an effective aviation manager in today's flight department.

"While these qualities are very important, it is also important for an aviation manager to have technical skills and a comprehensive understanding of business aviation," said Nichols. "To work effectively with headquarters, an effective flight director must have business-related skills, but he must also maintain the technical skills to maintain the organization's safety and credibility for flight department personnel."

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How should an aspiring airline executive prepare for this role? The most important thing is that he is comfortable in the role of leader.

"Becoming an air traffic controller shouldn't be a means to a higher salary," says Brechter. "These individuals must be committed to leadership. They should be comfortable delegating and delegating and motivating others in the organization to act. If a person is not interested in this type of role, they may be better suited for a technical role. Elevating others who don't "fit" into the role of director is not good for the individual or the organization.

Individuals considering a leadership role in the flight department should carefully review the job description and consider their current skills, experience and education against the formal requirements. They can then create an individual development plan to help address the weaknesses in their background.

Airplane Director

Some companies may require a Certified Aviation Manager to obtain a Certified Aviation Manager (MAM) or MBA degree. Accredited CAM programs help prepare executive candidates for career growth and validate their knowledge and qualifications to become industry leaders. Some universities now offer an MBA in aviation management. These degrees and other business and leadership-based education can help in aviation

The New Generation Aviation Director

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aircraft controls

aircraft controls

Aircraft Controls - This article needs more sources for verification. Please help improve this article by adding links to reliable sources. Unauthorized materials may be inspected and removed. See reference: "Aircraft Flight Control" – JSTOR (June 2010) (Learn how and who removes this sample message)

The aircraft engine control unit provides pilots with a means to control and monitor the aircraft's energy performance. This article describes the controls used with the propeller-driven basic internal combustion engine. Some optional or advanced configurations are described in section d of the article. Jet turbine engines use different operating principles and have their own controller and springs.

Aircraft Controls

Aircraft Controls

In fixed-rotor aircraft, there is no direct control over the speed of the propeller, but rather depends on speed and payload. Therefore, the pilot must pay attention to the RPM and adjust the throttle to maintain a steady speed. For example, when airspeed decreases and payload increases (e.g. when climbing a hill), RPM will decrease and the pilot will have to increase throttle/power. As airspeed increases and payload decreases (e.g. during a dive), RPM will increase and the pilot will have to reduce throttle/power to prevent RPM from exceeding operating limits and damaging the engine. All these devices when combined together form a complete flight control system. The aircraft's control surfaces are flaps that separate the air in flight of the aircraft. An airplane in flight can freely perform three movements of pitch, roll and yaw.

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The vertical line passing through the center of gravity of the aircraft is the vertical axis. Horizontal movement of the aircraft around

The lift is located on each side of the tail plane on the rear edge of the horizontal stabilizer. When the pilot moves the control stick forward or backward, together they move up or down. To get the plane up, the pilot pulled the fishing rod backwards and performed

To improve. The raised lift reduces lift and increases resistance to the airflow above the tail of the aircraft causing the tail to go down and the nose of the plane to move up. When the nose of the plane is up for take-off position

And leads to increased lift for the aircraft. On the other hand, for the pilot to land, the pilot moves the elevators up causing the tail of the plane to go up and as a result, the nose of the plane is down. This seascape is similar to the movement between the nose and tail of an airplane around its rear axle

Flight Controls And Autopilots

Called pitching. So the lift is used to raise the plane up or down and make it go up or down.

Located on the outer edge of each posterior edge of the wing. They rotate into each other as the air on the right moves up and the air on the left moves down. As the propeller goes up, lift on that side of the wing increases, and as the propeller goes up, lift on the opposite side decreases. To turn the plane to the right, the pilot moves the joystick to the right. Right A

Turning up reduces lift on the right side and causes the right wing to fly low. The opposite happens on the left side, where the plane turns down to increase lift and cause the left wing to fly higher, helping the plane roll to the right. Likewise, when the stick moves to the left, the left wing goes down and the right wing goes up. This rotation of the aircraft on its longitudinal axis is called the rolling or slope of the aircraft. Therefore, Ailerons are used to roll or turn the aircraft left or right.

Aircraft Controls

The rudder is a single handle bar mounted on the rear edge of the longitudinal stabilizer fin. The rudder moves left or right according to the right or left pedal pushed by the pilot. When the pilot wants to move the nose of the plane to the right, the right pedal is pressed and

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It turns to the right. Airflow passing through the vertical stabilizer will now push the tail of the aircraft to the left, resulting in the nose of the aircraft shifting to the right. Likewise, when the left pedal is depressed, the nose of the plane will move to the left. This movement on the vertical axis of the aircraft is known as yaw.

In addition to the main flight controller, most aircraft use another controller called a secondary controller. The flaps, flaps, flaps, flaps and speed breakers mounted on the wings of an aircraft are thought to be secondary flight controls.

Flaps are aircraft wing configurations mounted on the inside of each rear edge of the wing. They are hydraulically operated to stretch or retract. As the flaps descend about 12 degrees, the camber of the aircraft increases and causes more lift during takeoff. The flaps also produce high drag and lift when they tilt down 30 degrees. This helps the aircraft to land more smoothly and also reduces the landing distance. There are different types of caps such as slotted caps, Fowler caps, plain caps, split caps etc. Fowler-style flaps are commonly used at major airports.

The rods are installed on the main side of the wing. Reducing the rear flap and extending the flap forward increases the overall area of ​​the wing and also changes the overall shape of the wing with respect to the fins and flaps. This condition creates an elevated lift during take-off. The flaps can be fixed or retracted, but the flaps on the rear edge of the wing are compensated allowing for minimal drag when the aircraft is in normal cruising.

What Classes Of Aircraft Require Hydraulic Flight Controls?

You'll also notice during flight that the small metal plates occasionally bounce off the surface of the wings and return to their hidden sleeping positions. These are spoilers, they actually reduce the speed of the plane and regulate lift during flight by creating more drag on the wings. During landing, they are fully extended upwards to keep the wings facing downwards under the lift generated by the fully extended flaps.

On the rear edge of the plane, the lift and rudder are a small surface area. Sometimes they are only found on rudders or elevators. Trim tabs are moved to face the main control they are attached to. Small adjustments to the aircraft's attitude during flight can be made using these trimmers instead of changing the settings of the main controls. Conventional hoses are useful for pilots taking part in long flights, and they are considered a labor-saving control.

Are simple control surfaces used to increase drag during landing. They are usually placed on the surface of the wing or the sides of the fuselage. Hydraulic actuators move them out of hiding into the air stream to act like an air brake.

Aircraft Controls

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Flight Control Actuation

The main controls are the rudder, lift and rudder, which provide the aerodynamic forces to keep the aircraft on the desired flight path. [Image] Flight control surfaces are hinged or movable wings designed to change the state of the aircraft by changing the air on the plane's surface during flight. These surfaces are used to move the plane along its three axes.

Typically, aircraft and elevators are operated from the flight deck via joysticks, wheels and indicators and, on some newer design aircraft, joysticks. The rudder is normally operated by the foot pedal on most aircraft. Side control is the tilting or rolling motion of the aircraft controlled by the aircraft. Vertical control is the movement or pitch of the aircraft that is controlled by the elevator. Direction control is the left and right movement or yaw of the aircraft controlled by the steering wheel.

Basic aircraft controls, light aircraft controls, primary controls of aircraft, aircraft cockpit controls, aircraft controls engineering, pc aircraft controls, aircraft throttle controls, aircraft primary flight controls, wac aircraft controls, aircraft simulator controls, aircraft engine controls, aircraft flight controls

aircraft control surfaces

aircraft control surfaces

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The aircraft is controlled around the transverse, longitudinal and vertical axes with the help of a control rudder designed to create movement around these axes. These control devices are suspended or movable structures that control the movement of an aircraft during takeoff, flight and landing. They are usually divided into two main groups:

Aircraft Control Surfaces

Aircraft Control Surfaces

The main flight control surfaces of an aircraft include: ailerons, elevator, and rudder. The ailerons are attached to the sides of the two wings and when they move, the aircraft rotates around its longitudinal axis. The elevator is attached to the side along the horizontal stabilizer. When it moves, it changes the height of the plane, i.e. movement around the horizontal or transverse axis. The rudder hangs from the trailing edge of the vertical tail. When the rudder changes position, the aircraft rotates around its vertical (yaw) axis. On fig. 1 shows the first flight control of a light aircraft and the motions it generates about the three axes of flight.

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Primary control surfaces are usually of the same design, differing only in size, shape, and mounting method. In light aluminum aircraft, the construction is usually the same as all metal wings. This is appropriate because the main control area is a smaller aerodynamic device.

They are typically constructed from an aluminum alloy structure built around a single spar or torsion tube to which the ribs and skin are attached. Lightweight ribs are in many cases made of flat aluminum alloy. Holes in the ribs make it easy to assemble. The aluminum cladding is fastened with rivets. On fig. 2 shows this type of system, which can be found in the main control area of ​​light aircraft, as well as medium and heavy aircraft.

Primary control roofs made of composite materials are also widely used. They are found in heavy and high performance aircraft, as well as gliders, homemade and light aircraft. The advantages of conventional design in terms of weight and strength can be significant. Uses various building materials and technologies. On fig. 3 shows an example of an aircraft using the integrated technology in the first flight control platform. Note that the control surfaces of fabric-coated aircraft are often cloth-covered, as aluminum (light) aircraft typically have all aluminum control surfaces. The balance of the main control surface is very important so that it does not vibrate or move in the air.

According to the manufacturer's instructions, balancing usually involves ensuring that the center of gravity of a particular device is at the tip of the swing or in front. An imbalance in the control field can lead to a catastrophic failure. On fig. 4 shows a multi-aileron configuration with hinge points behind the leading edge. This is a common design used to prevent clutter.

Aircraft Control Surface Weight Balance Foto De Stock 1213094986

Figure 4. The position of the aileron field is very close to the center of gravity to avoid distortion.

Ailerons are the main flight control surfaces that move the aircraft around the longitudinal axis. In other words, the movement of the ailerons in flight causes the aircraft to turn. Ailerons are usually located on the trailing edge of each wing. They are built into the wing and are calculated as part of the wing area. On fig. 5 shows the location of the ailerons of different designs on the wing tip.

The ailerons are controlled by transverse movement of the control stick in the cockpit or by turning the control yoke. When the aileron on one wing turns down, the aileron on the opposite wing turns up. This enhances the movement of the aircraft around the longitudinal axis. On the wing, where the edge of the aileron is lowered, camber increases and lift increases. Conversely, on other wings, raised ailerons reduce lift. [Figure 6] The result is a sensitive response to the control input to turn the aircraft. The pilot's requests for aileron and roll movement are transmitted from the cockpit to the actual control console in various ways, depending on the aircraft. Cable control systems and pulleys, push-pull pipes, hydraulics, electrical, or a combination of both can be used. [Figure 7]

Aircraft Control Surfaces

Rice. 6. Differential control of the ailerons. When one aileron moves down, the aileron on the opposite wing goes up.

A Fly By Wire Future?

Simple light aircraft usually do not have hydraulic or electric aileron control. They are found in heavy and high performance aircraft. Large aircraft and high performance aircraft may have a second set of ailerons located internally at the wingtips. They are part of a complex system of primary and secondary control surfaces used for lateral control and flight stability. At low speeds, the ailerons can be extended with flaps and spoilers. At high speeds, only deflection of the inboard ailerons is required to turn the aircraft if the other control surfaces are locked or stationary. Figure 8 shows the location of common flight control areas on transport category aircraft.

The elevator is the main flight control surface that moves the aircraft around the horizontal or lateral axis. This causes the aircraft's nose to rise or fall. The elevator is hinged at the end of the horizontal stabilizer and usually spans most or all of its width. It is controlled in the cab by pushing or pulling forward or backward on the control yokes.

Light aircraft use control cables and pulleys or push-pull tubes to move the cabin entrance to the lift movement. High performance and large aircraft often use more complex systems. Hydraulic power is often used to move elevators on these aircraft. RC aircraft use a combination of electrical and hydraulic control.

The rudder is the primary control surface that causes the aircraft to roll or move about a vertical axis. This provides directional control and thus steers the nose of the aircraft in the desired direction. Most aircraft have a single rudder that hangs from the trailing edge of the vertical stabilizer. It is controlled by two rudder foot pedals in the cockpit. When the right pedal is pushed forward, it turns the rudder to the right, which causes the nose of the aircraft to move to the right. The left pedal is controlled to move along. When you press the left pedal, the nose of the aircraft moves to the left.

The Basics Of The Cockpit All Pilots Should Know

As with other major flight controls, the transfer of control from the cockpit to the rudder depends on the complexity of the aircraft. Many aircraft incorporate nose or tailwheel movement into the rudder control system for ground operations. This allows the operator to steer the aircraft using the rudder pedals while taxiing when the airspeed is insufficient to control the aircraft effectively. There are large planes with separate rudders. In fact, these are two rudders, one above the other. At low speeds, the steering wheel turns in the same direction as the pedal. At higher speeds, one of the rudders is inactive because the deflection of one rudder is aerodynamically sufficient to propel the aircraft.

Ailerons, elevators, and rudders are considered the most common primary control surfaces. However, some aircraft have control surfaces that can serve two purposes. For example, elevons act as ailerons and elevators. [Figure 9]

The movable horizontal tail, called the stabilizer, is a control unit that combines the functions of the horizontal tail and the elevator. [Figure 10] Essentially, a stabilizer is a horizontal stabilizer that can be rotated around a horizontal axis to influence the aircraft's altitude.

Aircraft Control Surfaces

The rudder combines the functions of the rudder and elevator. [Rice. 11] This can be done on V-tail aircraft that do not have horizontal and vertical stabilizers. Instead, two stabilizers rise up and out of the rear fuselage in a "V" shape. Each has a movable steering wheel mounted on the trailing edge. The movement of the rudder can change the movement of the aircraft around the horizontal and/or vertical axis. In addition, some aircraft are equipped

How Does An Elevator Work In An Aircraft?

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airplane door

airplane door

Airplane Door - From time to time, we hear about the frustrating situation of passengers trying to open the plane door during the flight. The attempt is usually stopped, soon, by the staff. But the question remains: Can airplane doors really be opened when the plane is thousands of feet up in the sky?

The short answer is that you have to be very strong, to do so - impossibly strong.

Airplane Door

Airplane Door

"It's possible that the door would be opened by someone on the ground floor," said Dennis Tajer, a 25-year pilot with American Airlines. "Airplanes are designed so that doesn't happen."

Can Aircraft Doors Be Opened In Flight?

The inside of the airplane cabin is set to have a higher pressure than the outside of the airplane, with a difference of eight pounds per square inch. Standard passenger doors are 6 meters long and 3.5 meters wide. This means that to open the door, a person would need to overcome more than 24,000 kilograms of pressure - about the weight of six cars or 20 bears. Many airlines also use "plug-in" doors that fit snugly into the door.

Douglas Moss, a United Airlines pilot for 20 years, said: "The internal pressure closes the frame door."

Additionally, there are locks that lock the doors together, and permission from the cockpit is required to disable them, Tyer said. These irons are often deep in the front of the plane, and cannot be forced up.

And even if the friend managed to open the door, it does not mean that it is time to panic. It can become light, humid and cloudy, and temperatures can drop significantly, according to Moss. As Tyer put it: "It wouldn't be good, but it wouldn't be dangerous."

Passenger Tries To Open Exit Door Midflight: Is That Even Possible?

This does not mean that trying to open the door while the plane is taking off should be taken lightly. Pilots say far from it. "A passenger trying to open a door is showing a 'freak mentality,'" Moss said, advising people to try to beat someone in such a situation. or sometimes predecessor/subsequent management.Technology

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Airplane Door

Narrator: This is episode 123 of "The Twilight Zone," "20,000,000 Nightmares." Arguably one of the greatest shows of all time, it features William Shatner as:

Point Of View Of A Parachutist At The Airplane Door Of Another Aircraft In Midflight Stock Photo

Narrator: Bob sees a gremlin on the wing of an airplane and decides that the only possible solution to this problem is to steal the air marshal's gun, open the emergency hatch, and shoot the thing. Of course, this story is a complete guess. And I'm not talking about gremlins.

There are a few reasons why you can't open an airplane door mid-flight. The first is: Closed. But there's another big thing "The Twilight Zone" seems to be ignoring, and that's physics.

Let's check out the first really reliable source, the IMDb "Goofs" page. He says the plane Shatner flies is a twin-engine Convair or a four-engine Douglas DC-6 or DC-7. All this would be pressure.

The higher the plane flies, the higher the air pressure is. And the lower the air pressure, the harder it is to breathe. This is because the air is denser when you go higher. Molecules are completely different. There are fewer oxygen molecules in each breath you take and less pressure to distribute the oxygen in your blood.

Portland Man Arrested For Attempting To Open Airplane Door

It's over 18,000 feet above sea level, and our bodies can't get enough of it to keep going. That's why airplanes are in trouble simulating the situation at 8000 meters above sea level. It's the perfect middle ground that only reduces the oxygen in our blood by about 4%, not enough to affect how we function.

Modern airplanes fly at 36,000 feet above sea level. If they weren't under pressure, this would cause delirium in seconds and knock out in less than a minute. And the difference between the plane and the background can be huge. Which is exactly what families come in for. Inside the cabin, 8 pounds of pressure per square inch of surface. A standard passenger door is 6 feet tall by 3/2 feet wide. So we're looking at over 24,000 pounds of pressure below the exit.

The heaviest man alive can only weigh 1,102 pounds. "But wait!" you scream at your computer screen. "This nightmare was at 20,000 feet, not 36,000. The speed was low!" You are right, but there is no reason to cry.

Airplane Door

Narrator: The pace is slow, but still high enough for anyone to win, even for William Shatner. And the door flies in black ink? It is practically impossible in modern aircraft. Most of the passenger doors are closed, the front sides are wider than the rear. It's called a plug-in door, and it usually works like a bathroom sink, plug-in hole. But what if someone on your plane has Shatner's super powers? It can cause something called "explosive decompression." And that's one thing "The Twilight Zone" got right.

What Happens If You Open The Plane Door During A Flight?

During an Aloha Airlines flight in 1988, part of the fuselage was cut off at 24,000 feet, leaving "blue sky where the first-class ceiling used to be," the captain reported. The flight attendant was then ejected from the aircraft through the hole.

Explosive eruptions are rare, but possible. Scratching a plane wall, a broken window, it doesn't matter. The huge difference in pressure creates a vacuum that can shoot anything up to 1,000 pounds into the air. And that vacuum effect keeps the pressure inside the cabin equal to the pressure outside. So Shatner made the right call to get in before opening those emergency exits.

If you don't live in the Twilight Zone, your chances of opening an airplane door mid-flight are about as good as seeing a gremlin on the wing. So the next time you start to panic about it, remember:

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Thursday, January 12, 2023

airplane drag

airplane drag

Airplane Drag - This is the second part of this two part series about the four flight forces that we will introduce and draw. Here you can lift and find our weights. William Kershner's Student Flight Manual explains the pilot's desire to deploy and draw:

The blower is equipped with a propeller or a jet. however, here is the most important thing for you.

Airplane Drag

Airplane Drag

The theory of propellants is quite complex, but Newton's idea of ​​"equal and opposite" can be expressed here.

Forces Acting On The Aircraft

The propeller picks up a large air mass and accelerates the collector, traveling through an equal and opposite reaction plane.

Maybe it's time to clean up a few words like "force" and "strength". Sent

Can be defined as tension, pressure or weight. You don't need to move anything; you can apply a force to a very heavy object and nothing will move. Or it can apply less force and move. It moves when something has a force;

A common measure of power is the horsepower name. The bird develops horsepower in its cylinders and turns it into motion. In straight and straight, single-speed, legan flight, the thrust developed (pounds) is assumed to be equal to the drag of an airplane.

Nasa Seeks It All: High Lift, Low Drag

When a body moves in a fluid (such as air), friction is produced. They pull parallel and in the same direction as the relative wind. The "all" drag of the aircraft consists of two types.

- drag consists of (1) "shape drag" (airport and radio antennas, shape of wings, fuselage, etc.), (2) surface friction, and (3) mixing of airflow between parts (as will be found). wings, body, or combination of trunk and tail). Since the term "parasite" means, this type of drag benefits no one and is more popular than any other parasite. And as the square of the airspeed increases, the drag increases. Double the airspeed and the parasitic drag increases

This is the pull from lifting. The relative wind is deflected downward from the wing and gives a reward component called the lift vector.

Airplane Drag

(The vector of life is the yoke of the train). The air above each wing tip moves below the pressure peak and eddies form in the wing that exert forces proportional to the amount of drag available. The strength (and drag) of these eddies increase significantly at higher angles of attack. When two masses are in contact, they resist each other's movement. The air in the boat resists the forward motion of the aircraft. So when it comes to flight, resistance is the movement of the aircraft in the air. They attract, they oppose, they push.

Why Airlines Hate Squished Bugs On Airplane Wings

Drag is created by mixing airflow lines between airframe components. For example, wing and fuselage or pier and fuselage strut gear. As the air flows and mixes around the various parts of the aircraft, a local shock wave is created and the total drag is greater than the drag the parts would have on their own.

Skin friction friction is a result of the rough surface of the aircraft. Olympic swimmers wear caps on their heads to avoid extra hair growth and to swim faster in the water. The same principle can be applied to most aircraft where the smooth surface reduces drag surface friction, increasing performance and fuel efficiency.

The figure draws the effect of the common object relative to the relative wind. Have you ever stretched your hand out of the car window, first straight, then vertically into the wind? When your hand is horizontal like a sash, it's easy to get out of the window. But when you open your hand to the wind, your hand flies back and requires a lot of force to hold it in place. This is the easiest way to draw it.

Air (and eddies) roll down the back of your wing, so they're controlled in what's known as a downdraft. Downstream indicates the relative wind direction, the more downstream there is, the more downstream. This is important for a very good reason: always lift perpendicular to the relative wind.

Aircraft Flight Controls

Check out the figure below. You can see that when you have less downstream, you have more downstream, the vector pulls back more points, causing drag to be induced. On top of that, it takes energy from your wings to create a downward current and vortex, which creates drag.

As you approach the floor, the wash decreases downwards and the eddies that are reduced and brought back by you are reduced. Click here to learn everything you need to know about the world impact.

A drag wave is caused by the generation of shock waves around an aircraft in transonic or supersonic flight. As the air flows from the supersonic region before the shock to the subsonic region after the shock, it separates and becomes turbulent. As the shock wave gets stronger, more distortion, known as drag waves, is produced.

Airplane Drag

Swayne is an editor, certified flight instructor, and first officer on the Boeing 757/767 for a major US carrier. Graduated from the University of North Dakota in 2018 with an aeronautical degree, holds a PIC Type Rating for Cessna Citation Jets (CE-525), is a former pilot at Mokulele Airlines, and flew Embraer 145s early in his airline career. Swayne is the author of weekly articles, quizzes and charts. You can join Swayne and follow his flying adventures on his YouTube Channel.

Four Forces Of Flight Lift Weight Thrust Drag

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